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Urethral cancer occurs in men and women and can spread quickly to lymph nodes near the urethra. Find out about risk factors, symptoms, tests to diagnose, prognosis, staging, and treatment for urethral cancer.

Penile cancer is highly curable when found early. Find out about risk factors, symptoms, tests to diagnose, prognosis, staging, and treatment for penile cancer.

Kaposi sarcoma treatment depends upon the type and can include scraping to remove a lesion, radiation therapy, surgery, and sometimes chemotherapy. Learn more about the diagnosis and treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent Kaposi sarcoma in this expert-reviewed summary.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a cancer treatment has been studied in humans, but has not been proven to stop or kill cancer. The US Food and Drug Administration has not approved NDV as a treatment for cancer. Learn more about use of NDV for cancer in this expert-reviewed summary.

Cancer screening means looking for cancer before symptoms appear, when cancer may be easier to treat. Screening tests can help reduce the risk of dying from some cancers, but all tests have potential risks, too. Learn more about cancer screening and available tests in this expert-reviewed summary.

Gerson therapy is advocated by its supporters as a method of treating cancer patients based on changes in diet and nutrient intake. No results of laboratory or animal studies have been published in scientific journals. Get detailed information about Gerson therapy in this summary for clinicians.

Antineoplastons are derived from compounds found in urine and blood. Antineoplastons are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the prevention or treatment of any disease. Learn more about antineoplastons as a cancer treatment in this expert-reviewed summary.

The last days of life in cancer involves managing end-of-life (EOL) care issues for a wide range of possible symptoms and ethical dilemmas. Get detailed information about EOL issues and the role of the oncologist in this clinician summary.

Antineoplastons are drugs composed of chemical compounds that are naturally present in the urine and blood. Antineoplastons are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the prevention or treatment of any disease. No randomized controlled trials showing the effectiveness of antineoplastons have been published in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Learn more in this clinician summary.

Oral cavity, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer screening means looking for cancer before there are symptoms. Currently, no standard or routine screening has shown to help reduce deaths from these types of cancer. Learn more in this expert-reviewed summary.

Levels of Evidence for Cancer Genetics Studies addresses the process and challenges of developing evidence-based summaries. Get information about how to weigh the strength of the evidence from cancer genetics studies in this summary for clinicians.

High-dose vitamin C, in some studies, has shown improved quality of life and fewer side effects in some cancer patients. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved its use as a treatment for cancer. Learn more in this expert-reviewed summary.

A fact sheet describing the information found in a pathology report, the document that contains results of the examination of tissue removed during biopsy or surgery.

Genetics of Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell) includes the hereditary cancer syndromes von Hippel-Lindau disease, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, and hereditary papillary renal carcinoma. Get comprehensive information on these syndromes in this clinician summary.

A fact sheet about antioxidants, substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals. Free radical damage may lead to cancer.