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Testicular cancer treatment options depend upon tumor characteristics and include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and observation. Learn more about the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent testicular cancer in this expert-reviewed summary.

Breast cancer prevention strategies include avoiding known risks, having a healthy lifestyle, and medications or surgery for those at high risk. Learn more about breast cancer prevention, risks and protective factors, and how to estimate risk in this expert-reviewed summary.

Breast cancer screening is performed using mammogram, clinical breast exam (CBE), and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) tests. Learn about these and other tests that have been studied to detect or screen for breast cancer in this expert-reviewed and evidence-based summary.

Antineoplastons are drugs composed of chemical compounds that are naturally present in the urine and blood. Antineoplastons are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the prevention or treatment of any disease. No randomized controlled trials showing the effectiveness of antineoplastons have been published in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Learn more in this clinician summary.

Oral cavity, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer screening means looking for cancer before there are symptoms. Currently, no standard or routine screening has shown to help reduce deaths from these types of cancer. Learn more in this expert-reviewed summary.

Levels of Evidence for Cancer Genetics Studies addresses the process and challenges of developing evidence-based summaries. Get information about how to weigh the strength of the evidence from cancer genetics studies in this summary for clinicians.

High-dose vitamin C, in some studies, has shown improved quality of life and fewer side effects in some cancer patients. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved its use as a treatment for cancer. Learn more in this expert-reviewed summary.

A fact sheet describing the information found in a pathology report, the document that contains results of the examination of tissue removed during biopsy or surgery.

Genetics of Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell) includes the hereditary cancer syndromes von Hippel-Lindau disease, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, and hereditary papillary renal carcinoma. Get comprehensive information on these syndromes in this clinician summary.

A fact sheet about antioxidants, substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals. Free radical damage may lead to cancer.

A fact sheet that describes the PSA screening test for prostate cancer and explains the benefits and limitations of the test.

Pap tests detect abnormal cervical cells, including precancerous cervical lesions, as well as early cervical cancers. HPV tests detect HPV infections that can cause cervical cell abnormalities. Learn how Pap and HPV tests are done, how often testing should be done, and how are HPV test results are reported.

Gestational trophoblastic disease treatment depends on the specific type and risk category, and may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Get detailed information about the diagnosis and treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent disease in this summary for clinicians.

Small intestine cancer treatment is surgery when resection is possible. Surgical bypass, palliative radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are options for unresectable or recurrent tumors. Get detailed treatment information for small intestine cancer in this summary for clinicians.

Bile duct cancer (also called cholangiocarcinoma) can occur in the bile ducts in the liver (intrahepatic) or outside the liver (perihilar or distal extrahepatic). Learn about the types of bile duct cancer, risk factors, clinical features, staging, and treatment for bile duct cancer in this expert-reviewed summary.