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Levels of Evidence for Cancer Genetics Studies addresses the process and challenges of developing evidence-based summaries. Get information about how to weigh the strength of the evidence from cancer genetics studies in this summary for clinicians.

Levels of Evidence for Supportive and Palliative Care Summaries includes cited references primarily from the peer-reviewed biomedical literature. Get detailed information about how to weigh the strength of the evidence obtained in supportive and palliative care studies in this clinician summary.

Levels of Evidence for Cancer Screening and Prevention Studies explains how to weigh the strength of the evidence obtained in cited research studies. Get detailed information on this formal ranking system in this summary for clinicians.

Levels of Evidence for Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies is about how to weigh the strength of the evidence obtained in cited research studies. Get detailed information this formal ranking system in this summary for clinicians.

Levels of evidence refers to the ranking system used by the PDQ editorial boards to indicate the strength of evidence obtained from cited studies. Get detailed information about how to weigh the strength of the evidence obtained in cancer treatment studies in this information summary.

Muhammed Bashir, MD1, Nasir Umar-Tsafe, MSc1, Kabiru Getso, MBBS1, Ibrahim M. Kaita, MSc1, Abdulsalami Nasidi, PhD2; Nasir Sani-Gwarzo MD2; Patrick Nguku, MD3, Lora Davis, DVM3, Mary Jean Brown ScD4 (Author affiliations at end of text).

Tobacco smoke is a source of exposure to thousands of toxic chemicals including lead, a chemical of longstanding public health concern. We assessed trends in blood lead levels in youths and adults with cotinine-verified tobacco smoke exposure by using 10 years of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

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Secondhand Smoke Fact Sheets.