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Learn about a kidney biopsy, a procedure in which a health care professional takes small pieces of tissue from your kidney to look for signs of damage or disease.

NDM and MODY are uncommon forms of diabetes that result from changes in your genes. Learn about diagnosis, genetic testing and counseling, and treatment.

Overview of Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder that can cause hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid.

Learn what the A1C test is, how it works and is used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, when it doesn’t work, and how A1C relates to eAG.

An overview of bladder infection in adults, which is a type of urinary tract infection. Describes symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

A fact sheet that defines screening and diagnostic mammograms; discusses the benefits and potential harms of screening mammography; and summarizes how findings, including breast density, are reported.

A fact sheet that defines tumor markers and describes how they can be used to aid diagnosis and treatment.

Christina Nelson, MD1, Sally Hojvat, PhD2, Barbara Johnson, PhD1, Jeannine Petersen, PhD1, Marty Schriefer, PhD1, C. Ben Beard, PhD1, Lyle Petersen, MD1, Paul Mead, MD1 (Author affiliations at end of text).

Lee Hurt, DrPH1,2, Cheryl De Pinto, MD2, Johnna Watson2, Marti Grant, MA2, Julie Gielner3 (Author affiliations at end of text).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination