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Urodynamic tests help diagnose lower urinary tract problems by showing how well your bladder, sphincters, and urethra work together to store and release urine.

Learn about tests used to identify prostate problems, such as DRE, PSA test, prostate health index, and a transrectal ultrasound with prostate biopsy.

Learn how ERCP uses upper GI endoscopy and x-rays to treat problems of the bile and pancreatic ducts, how to prepare for ERCP, and what to expect afterward.

Urologists use cystoscopy and ureteroscopy to look inside the urinary tract, find the cause of problems, and sometimes treat them.

Learn why doctors perform colonoscopy, what it can show, how you prepare for it, what to expect during and after colonoscopy, and the risks of colonoscopy.

An overview of bladder infection in adults, which is a type of urinary tract infection. Describes symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Your doctor may diagnose overweight and obesity based on your medical history, a physical exam that checks your body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and tests to rule out other medical conditions.

There are no specific symptoms of overweight and obesity. The signs of overweight and obesity include a high body mass index (BMI) and an unhealthy body fat distribution that can be estimated by measuring your waist circumference.

To screen for overweight and obesity, your doctor will calculate your body mass index (BMI) to check if you or your child are a healthy weight. Your doctor may recommend healthy lifestyle changes, such as healthy eating and physical activity, to prevent overweight and obesity.

Risk factors for overweight and obesity include having unhealthy lifestyle habits such as lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating behaviors, not getting enough sleep, having high amounts of stress; being a certain age; living in unhealthy environments, having a family history; being a certain race or ethnicity; or being a certain sex.