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Learn how your kidneys filter blood, why kidneys are important, and how kidneys help maintain a healthy balance of water, salts, and minerals in your body.

Urodynamic tests help diagnose lower urinary tract problems by showing how well your bladder, sphincters, and urethra work together to store and release urine.

Read about bladder infections, as well as pain and urgency with urination, in children. Learn about the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatments.

Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of a cystocele, a common condition that occurs when the bladder bulges or drops into the vagina.

Learn about the causes, symptoms, and diagnosis of bladder control problems and bedwetting in children. Treatments may include home care, alarms, and medicine.

A fact sheet that reviews research about the possibility of a connection between personal hair dye use and cancer.

Bladder and other urothelial cancers screening is not done routinely in the general population. Not all screening tests are helpful and most have risks. Learn more about bladder cancer risks and screening in this expert-reviewed summary.

Bladder cancer treatment options depend on if it is nonmuscle or muscle invasive and may include surgery, BCG, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Get detailed information about the diagnosis and treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent bladder cancer in this summary for clinicians.

Bladder and other urothelial cancers screening lacks evidence to show a reduction in mortality from these cancers. Get detailed information about urothelial cancer risk factors and screening tests in this clinician summary.

Treatment of bladder cancer depends on the stage of the cancer. Treatment options include different types of surgery (transurethral resection, radical and partial cystectomy, and urinary diversion), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Learn more about how bladder cancer is treated.