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Your doctor may diagnose COPD based on your signs and symptoms, your medical and family histories, and the results from diagnostic tests such as pulmonary function tests including spirometry and arterial blood gas tests, or chest x rays or chest computed tomography scans.

At first, COPD may cause no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease worsens, common signs and symptoms include an ongoing cough (with or without mucus), shortness of breath, wheezing or whistling when breathing, and chest tightness.

Long-term exposure to lung irritants—smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, or dusts—that damage the lungs and the airways usually is the cause of COPD. A rare genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency can also cause the disease.

COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe. In the United States, the term COPD includes two main conditions—emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Si le han diagnosticado sobrepeso y obesidad, es importante que no interrumpa el tratamiento, trate de alcanzar un peso saludable, continúe su programa de modificación de conducta para adelgazar y acuda a controles con su médico para que evalúen su condición and su riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones.

Para detectar el sobrepeso y la obesidad, su médico calculara el índice de masa corporal (IMC) para evaluar si usted o su niño tienen un peso saludable. Su doctor podría recomendar cambios saludables en el estilo de vida, como consumir una alimentación saludable y actividad física, para prevenir el sobrepeso y obesidad.

Desequilibrios energéticos, algunas afecciones genéticas o endocrinas y ciertos medicamentos producen sobrepeso y obesidad.

Urodynamic tests help diagnose lower urinary tract problems by showing how well your bladder, sphincters, and urethra work together to store and release urine.

Learn about imaging techniques used to diagnose and treat urinary tract diseases and conditions. Find out what happens before, during, and after the tests.

What to expect before, during, and after the upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy procedure and how it finds and treats problems in the upper GI tract.