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AAT deficiency usually is diagnosed after you develop a lung or liver disease that is related to the condition. But knowing the symptoms and getting an early diagnosis is important to help prevent serious disease, especially with treatment and lifestyle changes.

The first lung-related symptoms of AAT deficiency may include shortness of breath, less ability to be physically active, and wheezing. Some people may not have any symptoms or complications. AAT deficiency can lead to lung and liver diseases.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency happens when you do not make enough AAT protein. The AAT protein is made in your liver. This protein enters your blood and protects your organs, including the lungs, from damage. For example, your immune system is your body’s defense against bacteria and viruses but if it is overactive, it can damage your body while fighting diseases. The AAT protein prevents you from having too much inflammation in your lungs. Without enough AAT protein, your immune system may damage your lungs and lead to lung disease.

The goal of treatment is remission, a state in which the condition is not causing problems. Not everyone who is diagnosed with sarcoidosis needs treatment. Medicines used to treat sarcoidosis help reduce inflammation or suppress the immune system. Many people recover with few or no long-term problems.

Your doctor will diagnose sarcoidosis based on your symptoms, a physical exam, imaging tests, or a biopsy of an affected organ. The doctor will also do tests to rule out other diseases that have similar signs and symptoms.

We assessed the independent effects of socioeconomic status, sex, adiposity, and physical activity on C-reactive protein in young adults.