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NHLBI

Circadian Rhythm Disorders – Types

Sleep-wake cycle disorders 

The types of circadian rhythm disorders are advanced or delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, irregular or non–24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder, and shift work or jet lag disorder. The type you may have is based on your pattern of sleep and wakefulness.

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NHLBI

How the Lungs Work - What Breathing Does for the Body

respiratory system 

Breathing involves two phases: breathing in and breathing out. Your lungs deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from your blood in a process called gas exchange. Gas exchange happens in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, where the oxygen that is breathed in enters the circulatory system and carbon dioxide in the blood is released to the lungs and then breathed out. If you have problems breathing, gas exchange may be impaired, increasing the risk of serious health problems.

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NHLBI

How the Lungs Work - How Your Body Controls Breathing

respiratory system 

The body’s muscles and nervous system help control your breathing. The lungs are like sponges; they cannot move on their own. Muscles in your chest and abdomen contract, or tighten, to create space in your lungs for air to flow in. The muscles then relax, causing the space in the chest to get smaller and squeeze the air back out. Your breathing usually does not require any thought, because it is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, also called the involuntary nervous system.

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NHLBI

How the Lungs Work - The Respiratory System

respiratory system 

The respiratory system helps you breathe. The main parts of the respiratory system are the lungs, the airways, and the muscles that enable breathing. The circulatory system, which is made up of the heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries, brings blood to and from the lungs and delivers nutrients and oxygen to tissues of the body while removing carbon dioxide and waste products. Other body systems that work with the respiratory system include the nervous system, lymph system, and immune system.

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NHLBI

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Causes

ARDS  acute lung injury  noncardiac pulmonary edema 

Damage to the lung’s air sacs—called alveoli—causes ARDS. Fluid from tiny blood vessels leaks through the damaged walls of the air sacs and collects, limiting the lungs’ normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The damage also causes inflammation that leads to the breakdown of surfactant—a liquid that helps keep your air sacs open.

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NHLBI

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Risk Factors

ARDS  acute lung injury  noncardiac pulmonary edema 

You may have an increased risk of ARDS because of infection, environmental exposures, lifestyle habits, genetics, other medical conditions or procedures, race, or sex. Risk factors can vary depending on your age, overall health, where you live, and the healthcare setting in which you receive care.

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NHLBI

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

ARDS  acute lung injury  noncardiac pulmonary edema 

Difficulty breathing is usually the first symptom of ARDS. Other signs and symptoms of ARDS may vary depending on the underlying cause and how severely you are affected. ARDS may take several days to develop, or it can rapidly get worse. Complications may include blood clots, infections, additional lung problems, or organ failure.

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NHLBI

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Diagnosis

ARDS  acute lung injury  noncardiac pulmonary edema 

Your doctor will diagnose ARDS based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results. ARDS can be difficult to diagnose and is often mistaken for another condition, so it is important to know your symptoms.

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NHLBI

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Treatment

ARDS  acute lung injury  noncardiac pulmonary edema 

The goal of treatment for ARDS is to improve oxygen levels and treat the underlying cause. Other treatments aim to prevent complications and make you comfortable.

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NHLBI

Angina - Signos, síntomas y complicaciones

Los signos y síntomas varían según el tipo de angina y el sexo (hombre o mujer). Los síntomas de la angina pueden diferir en la gravedad, la ubicación en el cuerpo, la duración y en qué tanto alivio siente al descansar o tomar medicamentos. Ya que los síntomas de la angina y de un ataque al corazón pueden ser los mismos, llame al 9-1-1 si siente molestias en el pecho que no desaparezcan con reposo o medicamentos.

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NHLBI

Angina - Causas

La angina ocurre cuando el músculo cardíaco no recibe suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno. Las afecciones médicas, en particular la cardiopatía isquémica, o ciertos hábitos pueden provocar angina. Para comprender las causas de la angina, es importante saber cómo funciona el corazón.

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NHLBI

Signos, síntomas y complicaciones del tromboembolismo venoso

A veces, el TEV no causa síntomas hasta que ocurren complicaciones graves. En otros casos, la trombosis venosa profunda provoca hinchazón o malestar cerca del coágulo de sangre. La embolia pulmonar puede causar dolor en el pecho y dificultad para respirar. La embolia pulmonar puede ser una afección potencialmente mortal.

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NHLBI

Factores de riesgo del tromboembolismo venoso

Algunos factores de riesgo para el TEV pueden ser un episodio anterior de TEV; una cirugía; afecciones como el cáncer o una lesión de la médula espinal; el embarazo; parálisis o períodos largos de inmovilización; genes específicos, y ciertas circunstancias relacionadas con la edad, la raza y el sexo. En la mayoría de los casos de TEV, existe más de un factor de riesgo involucrado. Cuantos más factores de riesgo tenga, mayores serán las probabilidades de padecer TEV.

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NHLBI

Causas del tromboembolismo venoso

El TEV ocurre en las venas que llevan sangre al corazón. Los coágulos de sangre pueden aparecer en venas dañadas por cirugía o traumatismo, o como resultado de una inflamación por una infección o lesión.

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NHLBI

Apnea del sueño - Signos, síntomas y complicaciones

Los signos y síntomas frecuentes de la apnea del sueño son los ronquidos o los jadeos durante el sueño, la respiración reducida o ausente (denominada "episodio de apnea") y la somnolencia. La apnea del sueño sin diagnosticar o tratar impide el sueño reparador y puede causar complicaciones que afecten muchas partes del cuerpo.

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